The Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC) has begun proceedings against Thai Airways over alleged price-fixing of air freight. In a statement, the ACCC alleged that between 2001 and 2006, Thai Airways entered into arrangements or understandings with other international air cargo carriers in specific countries that had the purpose or effect of fixing the price of fuel surcharges and security surcharges that were applied to air cargo carried by Thai Airways and other airlines. The arrangements occurred in Hong Kong, Indonesia, Singapore, and Thailand, according to the ACCC. The ACCC has already penalised a number of air cargo providers for price-fixing offences, including Qantas and British Airways, as well as Société Air France, Koninklijke Luchtvaart Maatschappij NV, Martinair Holland NV and Cargolux International Airlines SA. It has also instituted proceedings against Singapore Airlines, Cathay Pacific, Emirates and PT Garuda Indonesia.